– Ek Mukammal Professional Rehnuma
Taaruf
Moongphali (Groundnut ya Peanut) aik ahem taildar fasal hai jo sirf ghizai tor par hi nahi, balkeh industrial tor par bhi bepanah ahmiyat rakhti hai. Yeh fasal zyada tar garam aur nim-garam ilaaqon mein kaamyabi se kaasht ki ja sakti hai. Pakistan mein moongphali se tail, makhan (peanut butter), animal feed aur kai industrial masnaat hasil ki jaati hain.
Pakistan mein Moongphali ki Kasht
Pakistan ke chand aham ilaaqay jahan moongphali ziada kaasht ki jaati hai:
| Sooba | Ahm Zilay |
|---|---|
| Punjab | Chakwal, Attock, Bhakkar, Khushab, Mianwali |
| Sindh | Umerkot, Sanghar, Tharparkar |
| Balochistan | Lasbela |
| KPK | D.I. Khan (kum had tak) |
Zameen ki Tayari
Moongphali ke liye halki retili aur bhuray rang ki zameen behtareen hoti hai jo paani ko jaldi nikalne wali ho.
Zaroori Iqdamat:
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2-3 hal + sohaaga se zameen ko achi tarah narm aur hamwar karein.
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Agar zameen mein acidity zyada ho to lime (choona) istemal karein.
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Organic khaad (gobar ya compost) milaane se zameen ki zarkhezi barhti hai.
Mozoon Mosam aur Kasht ka Waqt
| Ilaqa | Mozoon Waqt |
|---|---|
| Punjab | Mid-June se July ke aakhir tak |
| Sindh | July ke aaghaz mein |
| Balochistan | July ke darmiyan |
| Spring crop (kum maqbool) | March ke aakhir mein |
Ideal temperature 25-30°C hota hai.
Beej ka Intikhab aur Tayari
| Variety | Khaasiyat | Recommended Ilaaqay |
|---|---|---|
| BARD-479 | Zyada paidawaar, achi quality | Punjab |
| Golden | Behtar size aur tail | Sindh |
| No. 334 | Purani magar maqbool qisam | Har jagah |
Beej ki Miqdaar: 35-40 kg per acre
Seed Treatment:
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Fungicide: Thiram ya Captan 2-3 gram per kg beej
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Rhizobium culture: Azotobacter culture se beej treat karna nitrogen fixing mein madadgar hai
Kasht ka Tareeqa
| Distance | Miqdaar |
|---|---|
| Line to Line | 45-60 cm |
| Plant to Plant | 10-15 cm |
| Gehrai | 5-7 cm |
Kasht ki soorat:
-
Line sowing ya drill method behtar hoti hai.
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Zyada gehrai se beej na daalen, warna germination mein masla aayega.
Khaad ka Istemaal
| Khaad | Miqdaar per acre | Waqt |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen (Urea) | 1/2 bori (25 kg) | 50% at sowing, 50% after 30 days |
| Phosphorus (DAP) | 1.5 bori (75 kg) | Boai se pehle ya sath |
| Potash (SOP) | 1 bori (50 kg) | Zameen ki zarurat ke mutabiq |
Organic khaad jaise gobar ya compost bhi zaroori hai (2-3 ton per acre).
Aabpashi ka Nizaam
Moongphali ko zyada paani ki zarurat nahi hoti, lekin waqt par aabpashi zaroori hai.
| Stage | Paani ki Zarurat |
|---|---|
| Germination | Pehli aabpashi 7 din baad |
| Flowering | Intehai ahem stage |
| Peg formation | Pani ki kami se poday ki growth ruk jati hai |
| Pod development | Final size ban'ta hai |
Total irrigation: 4–6 dafa zaroori hoti hai.
Jari Bootiyon ka Kontrol
Agar waqt par jari bootiyaan na hatayi jaayein to 30-40% tak nuksan ho sakta hai.
Manual Weeding:
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Pehli nirai 20 din baad
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Doosri nirai 40 din baad
Chemical Control:
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Pendimethalin (Stomp) 1.5 liter per acre boai ke foran baad
Bimariyan aur Unka Ilaaj
| Bimari / Keera | Alamat | Ilaaj |
|---|---|---|
| Leaf spot | Patton par daagh | Mancozeb spray |
| Root rot | Jadien sookh jati hain | Fungicide seed treatment |
| White grub | Podon ka damage | Soil treatment before sowing |
| Aphids / Thrips | Patton ka murjhana | Imidacloprid spray |
Fasal Ki Katai aur Tahafuz
-
Jab patte peele ho jayein aur poday zameen se asani se nikalne lagen to fasal tayar hoti hai.
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Harvesting Time: 100-120 din
-
Peanuts ko 3-5 din tak dhup mein sukhaana chahiye.
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Storage: Thandi aur airy jagah mein thailon mein rakhain.
Pedawaar aur Munafa
| Aitem | Miqdaar / Rate |
|---|---|
| Average Pedawaar | 800–1200 kg per acre |
| Tail ki Miqdaar | 40-45% |
| Bazari Qeemat | Rs. 200-300 per kg |
| Tail ki Qeemat | Rs. 500+ per liter |
Munafa ka Andaza (per acre):
| Pehlu | Miqdaar |
|---|---|
| Lagat | Rs. 35,000 - 45,000 |
| Aamdani | Rs. 160,000 - 240,000 |
| Munafa | Rs. 120,000+ |
Commercial Istemaal
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Cooking oil
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Peanut butter
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Roasted peanuts
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Animal feed (peanut cake)
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Industrial grease aur cosmetics
Hakoomati Madad aur Program
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Agri Extension Departments: Training, seed supply
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Punjab Agriculture Research Board (PARB): Improved varieties
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Zarai Taraqiati Bank (ZTBL): Qarza scheme for taildar faslain
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Ayub Agri Research Institute (AARI): Moongphali par research facilities
Professional Tips
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Har 2-3 saal baad fasal ki gardish (crop rotation) zaroori hai – jaise ke moongphali ke baad gandum.
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Sirf certified beej ka istemal karein.
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Waterlogging se bachayein – moongphali ki jadien zameen ke andar pod banati hain.
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Zyada tail ki paidawaar ke liye flowering stage par khaad aur paani ka khayal rakhein.
Natija
Moongphali ek faida bakhsh aur zarkhez fasal hai jo agar sahi ilm aur tareeqon ke sath ki jaye to kisan ke liye achi aamdani ka zariya ban sakti hai. Yeh fasal sirf tail ke liye nahi, balkeh ghizai aur industrial tor par bhi intehai ahem hai.
Agar kisan modern tareeqay apnaayein, achi variety istemal karein aur waqt par khaad aur aabpashi dein, to moongphali se lakhon rupay tak munafa hasil kiya ja sakta hai.
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