Organic Khaad Banane aur Istemaal Karne ka Tareeqa – Mukammal Maloomat
Taaruf
Organic khaad yaani "naamiyati khaad" ek fitri tareeqe se tayar ki gayi khaad hoti hai jo zameen ki zarkhezi ko barhati hai aur faslon ko zaroori ghizai anasir faraham karti hai. Ye khaad podon, janwaron ke gobar, khanay ke bachay huay hisay, sabziyon ke chilkon, aur baghair chemicals ke mawaad se banti hai.
Organic Khaad ke Faide
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Zameen ki zarkhezi barhati hai
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Faslon ka zaiqa behtar banati hai
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Zehreele asraat se mehfooz rakhti hai
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Kharche mein kam aur asar mein zyada hoti hai
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Mitti ke andar ke microorganisms ko faal karti hai
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Pani ko zameen mein zyada dair tak rok kar rakhti hai
Organic Khaad ki Qisamain
| Qism | Maada | Khaasiyat |
|---|---|---|
| Gobar ki khaad | Janwaron ka gobar | Sab se aam, nitrogen se bharpoor |
| Vermicompost | Keeray (earthworms) se banai gayi | Tez asar, zyada zarkhezi |
| Compost | Sabziyon, falon, pattiyon ka chilka | Har kisam ki zameen ke liye mozoon |
| Green manure | Hari sabziyan zameen mein daba kar | Zinda organic matter |
| Poultry manure | Murghiyon ka gobar | Nitrogen aur phosphorus se bharpoor |
Organic Khaad Banane ka Tareeqa
1. Compost Khaad Banane ka Tareeqa
Asbaab:
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Sabziyon ke chilke, falon ke chilke
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Sukhi patiyan, ghaas
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Gobar, matti
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Pani
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Khaali dhol ya khaadda
Tayari ka Amal:
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Khaadda ya container ko dharti par ya zameen mein tayar karein.
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Har layer mein sabziyon ke chilke, ghaas, gobar aur sukhi patiyan daalein.
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Har layer ke baad thori si mitti aur paani daalein.
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Har 7-10 din baad isay achi tarah se hilayen (aeration ke liye).
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45-60 din mein organic khaad tayar ho jati hai.
2. Vermicompost Banane ka Tareeqa
Asbaab:
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Red worms (Eisenia fetida)
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Compostable waste
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Khaali dabba ya wooden box
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Pani aur dhaka
Amal:
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Box ke andar ek inch mitti ki layer lagayein.
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Sabziyon ke chilke aur gobar daalein.
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Keeray daalein (1 kg waste = 1000 keeray tak).
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Box ko thanda aur saaya daar rakhain.
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Har hafta halka paani chhidkein.
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30-40 din mein vermicompost tayar ho jata hai.
Mozoon Mosam aur Waqt
| Khaad ka Naam | Banane ka Waqt | Istemaal ka Waqt |
|---|---|---|
| Compost | Saal bhar | Fasl se pehle ya bich mein |
| Vermicompost | March - October | Beejon ke waqt ya podon ke sath |
| Green Manure | Monsoon se pehle | Kheti se 3-4 haftay pehle |
| Gobar Khaad | Winter (dry) | Rabi ya Kharif dono mein |
| Poultry Manure | Summer | Pre-sowing ya flowering ke waqt |
Organic Khaad Istemaal Karne ka Tareeqa
| Khaad | Istemaal ka Tareeqa | Miqdaar (per acre) |
|---|---|---|
| Compost | Zameen mein mix karein | 2-3 ton |
| Vermicompost | Podon ke gird ya seed ke sath | 1-1.5 ton |
| Gobar Khaad | Zameen ki tayyari ke waqt | 4-5 ton |
| Poultry | Halke istemal ke sath | 1-2 ton |
Faslon par Organic Khaad ka Asar
| Fasal | Organic Khaad ka Faida | Pedawar mein Izafa |
|---|---|---|
| Gandum | Behtar sabza, zyada bal | 15-20% |
| Sabziyan | Zyada zaiqa, taazgi | 25-30% |
| Daalain | Behtar poday aur daaney | 20-25% |
| Phal | Zyada meetha aur mazboot phal | 20-30% |
Organic Khaad Banane ka Munafa
| Khaad | Banane ki Lagat (Rs per ton) | Market Rate (Rs per ton) | Munafa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Compost | 1,000 - 1,500 | 4,000 - 6,000 | 3,000+ |
| Vermicompost | 3,000 - 5,000 | 8,000 - 12,000 | 5,000+ |
| Poultry | 800 - 1,200 | 2,500 - 3,500 | 1,500+ |
Zaroori Ihtiyaat
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Compost mein kabhi bhi plastic, glass, ya chemical waste shamil na karein.
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Vermicompost banate waqt dhup aur barish se bachayein.
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Pani ka zaroori istemal karein, lekin ziyadti na ho.
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Hamesha mozoon hawa daar jagah mein khaad banayein.
Hakoomati Madad aur Programs
Pakistan mein kai soobai aur federal idaray organic farming ko promote kar rahe hain:
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Punjab Agriculture Department: Organic training workshops
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NAVTTC & TEVTA: Organic farming courses
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Microfinance banks: Organic projects ke liye qarz
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Pak Organic Agriculture Board (POAB): Certification aur support
Natija
Organic khaad banakar na sirf zameen ki zarkhezi barhayi ja sakti hai balkay khud apne liye ek munafa bakhsh karobar bhi tayar kiya ja sakta hai. Ye khad environment friendly hai, zyada pedawar deti hai aur chemicals ke nuqsanat se mehfooz rakhti hai.
Har kisan agar organic khaad banana seekh jaye to mulk mein sehatmand aur khushhaal khet-wadi ka rasta asaan ho sakta hai.
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