Tamatar Ki Kasht: Step-by-Step Mukammal Rehnuma
Taaruf
Tamatar duniya bhar mein sab se zyada istemal hone wali sabziyon mein se aik hai. Pakistan mein bhi ye sabzi har khaane ka aham hissa hai. Tamatar ki kasht na sirf ghizai tor par zaroori hai balkay is se kisan achi aamdani bhi hasil kar saktay hain.
Is article mein hum tamatar ki kasht ke tamam marahil ka tajziya karain ge: beej ka intikhab, zameen ki tayari, kasht ka tareeqa, aabpashi, keeton ka ilaaj, aur katayi tak.
Tamatar Ki Kasht Ka Mauzoon Mausam
Tamatar ki kasht ka waqt ilaqay ke mosam ke mutabiq mukhtalif hota hai.
| Ilaqah | Kasht Ka Waqt | Katayi Ka Waqt |
|---|---|---|
| Punjab (Kharif) | July – August | October – November |
| Punjab (Rabi) | January – February | April – May |
| Sindh | August – September | November – December |
| Balochistan | February – March | May – June |
Behtareen Hararat:
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Beej Ugnay Ki Hararat: 18–25°C
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Nashonuma Ki Hararat: 20–30°C
Bohat zyada sardi ya garmi say phal aur poday dono ko nuqsan pohanch sakta hai.
Zameen Ka Intikhab Aur Tayari
Behtareen Zameen:
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Halki Mera zameen sab se behtar hai.
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pH 6.0 se 7.0 ke darmiyan honi chahiye.
Tayari Ka Tareeqa:
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Zameen ko 2–3 dafa gehra hal chala kar naram karein.
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Gobar ya compost 8-10 ton per acre milayen.
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Pani ki achi nikasi zaroori hai.
Beej Ka Intikhab
Behtar paidawaar ke liye achi qisam ka beej bohat zaroori hai.
| Qisam | Khaasiyat |
|---|---|
| Rio Grande | Zyada phal aur beemariyon se bachao |
| Roma VF | Ras daar, packing ke liye behtar |
| Money Maker | Jaldi phal dayta hai |
| Hybrid F1 | Zyada paidawaar aur mazboot |
Beej Ki Miqdaar:
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Narsari ke liye 100 se 150 gram per acre kafi hota hai.
Narsari Ki Tayari
Tamatar ko seedha zameen mein bohnay ke bajaye pehlay narsari mein uga kar phir field mein transfer karna behtar hota hai.
Narsari Banane Ka Tareeqa:
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Uchi aur hawa daar jagah ka intekhab karein.
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Mitti, gobar aur rait ka mix bana kar beds tayar karein.
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Beej ko 0.5 se 1 cm gahra boya jaye.
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5–7 din mein beej ug jaye ga.
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25–30 din baad poday field mein transfer karein.
Poneeri Ki Transfer
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Subah ya shaam ke waqt poday transfer karein.
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Line se line ka faasla: 2.5 foot
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Poday se poday ka faasla: 1.5 foot
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Transfer ke baad foran pani dein.
Khaad Ka Istemaal
| Khaad | Miqdaar Per Acre | Waqt-e-Istemaal |
|---|---|---|
| Urea | 2–3 bori | 2–3 dafa Nashonuma mein |
| DAP | 1 bori | Poneeri Transfer ke baad |
| Potash | 1 bori | Phal lagne se pehlay |
| Gobar khaad | 8–10 ton | Zameen ki tayari ke waqt |
Aabpashi (Pani Dena)
Zaroori Hidayat:
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Pehla pani transfer ke foran baad.
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Uske baad har 5–7 din baad pani dein.
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Phal ke dauran paani ki kami na hon, warna phal chhota aur kharab ho sakta hai.
Ghaas Aur Jari Bootiyon Ka Kontrol
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15 din baad pehli godi karein.
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Jari bootiyan manual ya chemical tareeqon se khatam karein.
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Agar zarurat ho to herbicide jaise glyphosate ka istemal karein.
Keeray Aur Beemariyon Se Hifazat
Mamooli Keeray:
| Keera | Nuksan | Ilaaj |
|---|---|---|
| Fruit Borer | Phal mein suraakh karta hai | Spinosad spray karein |
| Whitefly | Pattay pe safedi aur peela pan | Neem oil ya Imidacloprid |
| Aphids (Jhonay) | Pattay murjha jate hain | Systemic pesticide istemal karein |
Beemariyan:
| Beemari | Alamat | Ilaaj |
|---|---|---|
| Early Blight | Pattay pe brown daag | Mancozeb ka spray |
| Late Blight | Patton ka kala hona | Metalaxyl spray |
| Leaf Curl Virus | Pattay murjha jate hain | Safed makhi ka control zaroori |
Katayi Aur Packing
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Katayi us waqt karein jab tamatar surkh aur poori tarah pak chukay hon.
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Phal ko haath se tor kar plastic crates mein jamah karein.
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Packing ke liye saaf aur thanday kamray mein rakhein.
Paidawaar Aur Munafa
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Achi mehnat se 200–300 mund per acre paidawaar mil sakti hai.
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Hybrid qisam aur modern tareeqay apna kar 400 mund tak bhi hasil ho sakti hai.
Marketing Aur Munafa Badhana
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Mandiyon mein seedha farokht karna behtar hota hai.
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Agay ki packing industry (ketchup, puree, etc.) se raabta karein.
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Agar zimni fasal ho to rates zyada miltay hain.
Nateeja
Tamatar ki kasht agar sahi tareeqon se ki jaye to bohat zyada munafa hasil kiya ja sakta hai. Har marhala — beej se le kar katayi tak — agar aqalmandi se kiya jaye to chhoti zameen se bhi achi aamdani hasil hoti hai.
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